wsl 使用

启用 WSL2 dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart

启用虚拟机平台 dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

启用 Hyper-V dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Hyper-V /all /norestart

设置 WSL2 为默认 wsl –set-default-version 2

遇到错误

Installing, this may take a few minutes… WslRegisterDistribution failed with error: 0x800701bc Error: 0x800701bc WSL 2 ??????????????????

解决方法 (下载 Linux 内核更新包):

https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/install-manual#step-4—download-the-linux-kernel-update-package

启用 wsl

Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux

netsh interface ip show config

netsh interface ip set address “vEthernet (Default Switch)” dhcp

netsh interface ip set address name=“Network Interface Name” static [IP address] [Subnet Mask] [Gateway]

https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/user-guide/setup-nat-network

以管理员身份打开 PowerShell 控制台
创建内部交换机

New-VMSwitch -SwitchName “SwitchName” -SwitchType Internal

查找刚创建的虚拟交换机的接口索引

Get-NetAdapter

使用 New-NetIPAddress 配置 NAT 网关

New-NetIPAddress -IPAddress 192.168.0.1 -PrefixLength 24 -InterfaceIndex 24

使用 New-NetNat 配置 NAT 网络

New-NetNat -Name MyNATnetwork -InternalIPInterfaceAddressPrefix 192.168.0.0/24

sudo vim /etc/wsl.conf

添加:

[network] generateResolvConf = false

sudo ip addr del $(ip addr show eth0 | grep ‘inet\b’ | awk ‘{print $2}’ | head -n 1) dev eth0 sudo ip addr add 172.16.0.19/24 broadcast 172.16.0.255 dev eth0

sudo ip route add 0.0.0.0/0 via 172.16.0.1 dev eth0

sudo vim /etc/resolv.conf

修改为 nameserver 172.16.0.1

sudo crontab -e

新增:

@reboot /usr/sbin/netplan apply

ip addr | grep eth0

cat /etc/resolv.conf

输出: … nameserver 172.19.0.1

修改 172.19.0.1 到:

修改

查询 wsl 已分配的 ip 列表

wsl hostname -I

wsl –list –running wsl –list –online

终止指定版本

wsl –terminate Ubuntu-24.04

wsl –install -d ubuntu

wsl –list –all -v

删除 ubuntu wsl –unregister ubuntu-24.04

安装 ubuntu wsl –install -d ubuntu-24.04

设置默认用户

wsl –shutdown ubuntu2404.exe config –default-user root

设置默认 Ubuntu-24.04 wsl –setdefault Ubuntu-24.04

关机

wsl –shutdown

/setdefaultuser

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak sudo sed -i ‘s/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g’ /etc/apt/sources.list sudo sed -i ‘s/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g’ /etc/apt/sources.list

指定用户登录

wsl -u xxx

20241222

wsl –list –online wsl –install -d ubuntu

wsl –list –all -v

wsl –unregister Ubuntu-18.04

wsl –install -d Ubuntu-18.04

设置自动补全

Ubuntu-22.04, root 用户默认没有自动补全

https://www.cnblogs.com/chencoolandclear/p/16464454.html

设置桥接网络

在 “Hyper-V 管理器” 中

新增一个虚拟交换机 VETH

设置外部网络, 选择指定网卡

在 Windows 的 ~/.wslconfig 中, 设置

[wsl2] networkingMode = bridged vmSwitch = “VETH” ipv6 = true

这种方式仍有效, 但微软已弃用

设置镜像网络

在 Windows 的 ~/.wslconfig 中, 设置

[wsl2] networkingMode = mirrored

就可以直接访问 127.0.0.1 了

下载 choco

用administrator执行powershell:
    Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))

查看是否安装成功:
    choco --version

查找软件包:
    https://chocolatey.org/search

下载 LxRunOffline

LxRunOffline wiki

choco install LxRunOffline

下载 Ubuntu

https://github.com/tianon/docker-brew-ubuntu-core/tree/dist-amd64

安准 wsl

LxRunOffline.exe i -n ubuntu20 -d D:\WSL\ubuntu20 -f "D:\develop\software\windows\wsl\ubuntu-focal-core-cloudimg-amd64-root.tar.gz" -s

名称: ubuntu20
路径: D:\WSL\ubuntu
并创建缩略图

配置 ubuntu

sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i 's/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
apt update
apt install -y sudo vim bash-completion python3 python3-pip

# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.8 2

useradd -m -s /bin/bash imxood
新增用户: imxood

passwd imxood
设置密码

usermod -aG sudo imxood
添加到sudo组

id -u imxood
为了设置默认用户, 查看用户id, 应该是1000

lxrunoffline su -n ubuntu20 -v 1000
添加id是1000的用户为默认用户

vim /etc/wsl.conf

[automount]
enabled = true
root = /mnt/
options = "metadata,umask=22,fmask=11"
mountFsTab = false

vim ~/.bashrc

#Fix mkdir command has wrong permissions
if grep -q Microsoft /proc/version; then
    if [ "$(umask)" == '0000' ]; then
        umask 0022
    fi
fi

wsl 使用代理

根据 ip addr 查看 wsl 中 linux 的 ip, 在 windows 中 ipconfig 查看该网段下的 ip.

在当前 wsl 的 linux 用户的 bash 环境中设置 ~/.bashrc:

export ALL_PROXY=http://172.29.160.1:1080

重命名主机名

sudo hostnamectl set-hostname NEW_HOSTNAME

设置国内软件源

wget -qO- https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh | sudo bash

使用 UI

sudo apt install xfce4 xfce4-terminal gtk2-engines-pixbuf

更改默认终端

sudo apt remove gnome-terminal

sudo update-alternatives –config x-terminal-emulator

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa

sudo apt install python3.8 python3-pip

sudo update-alternatives –install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.6 1 sudo update-alternatives –install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.8 1

sudo update-alternatives –list python3

sudo update-alternatives –config python3

当执行 python3 -c “import apt_pkg” 时报错: No module named ‘apt_pkg’

修复:

cd /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages

sudo mv apt_pkg.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so apt_pkg.so

设置清华源:

python3 -m pip install –upgrade pip python3 -m pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple

安装新的 llvm

wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -

echo “deb http://apt.llvm.org/bionic/ llvm-toolchain-bionic main” | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list sudo apt-get update

sudo apt install llvm-19-dev

编译 Mesa 显卡驱动

依赖

sudo apt install libclc-dev python3-setuptools
libdrm-dev libelf-dev libgbm-dev libpciaccess-dev libx11-dev
libxext-dev libxdamage-dev libxfixes-dev libxrandr-dev
libglvnd-dev libvulkan-dev libwayland-dev wayland-protocols

pip3 install meson ninja cmake mako

cargo install bindgen-cli