Flutter 学习笔记

说明

• 本页记录 Flutter 环境初始化, 桌面开发, Android 开发和常见代理配置.
• 内容横跨 Windows 与 Linux 场景, 更适合作为综合备忘录.

基础环境

国内镜像环境变量示例:

export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn
export FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cn

安装说明:

• https://flutter.cn/docs/get-started/install

常用初始化命令:

flutter config --no-analytics
flutter --disable-telemetry
dart --disable-analytics
flutter doctor

桌面开发

参考:

• Flutter 官方桌面教程

国内镜像可切换为:

export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/dart-pub
export FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/flutter

启用桌面能力:

flutter upgrade
flutter config --enable-<platform>-desktop

常见平台选项:

• flutter config --enable-linux-desktop
• flutter config --enable-macos-desktop
• flutter config --enable-windows-desktop
• flutter config --enable-web
• flutter config --enable-android

Linux 桌面开发常见依赖:

sudo apt-get install clang cmake ninja-build pkg-config libgtk-3-dev libblkid-dev liblzma-dev

创建与运行应用:

flutter create flutter_desktop
cd flutter_desktop
flutter run -d windows
flutter run -d macos
flutter run -d linux

构建 release:

flutter build windows
flutter build macos
flutter build linux

性能调试:

flutter run -d linux --trace-skia --profile
flutter screenshot -d linux --type=skia --observatory-uri=<Observatory-URI>

Android 环境

Android Studio 下载:

• https://developer.android.com/studio

常见环境变量:

D:\programs\Android\Sdk\platform-tools
ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=D:\programs\Android\Sdk
ANDROID_NDK_ROOT=%ANDROID_SDK_ROOT%\ndk\26.3.11579264

初始化 Android 开发环境:

flutter doctor --android-licenses
flutter create start_flutter_android
flutter build apk
flutter build apk --debug

网络不好的话配置代理

在 gradle.properties 中追加:

systemProp.socks.proxyHost=127.0.0.1
systemProp.socks.proxyPort=1080
systemProp.http.proxyHost=127.0.0.1
systemProp.http.proxyPort=1080
systemProp.https.proxyHost=127.0.0.1
systemProp.https.proxyPort=1080

Gradle 下载失败

参考:

• https://github.com/whichow/Notebook/blob/master/Development/Android/Build/%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3Gradle%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E8%B6%85%E6%97%B6%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.md

可在 gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties 中把远程 distributionUrl 改成本地文件路径, 例如:

distributionUrl=file:///D:/programs/gradle/gradle-7.6.3-all.zip

然后执行:

./gradlew build

其他

• iOS 构建: flutter build ios
• Flutter 升级: flutter upgrade